Is There a Passive Evidential Strategy in Lithuanian?

0. Preliminaries Evidentiality is a modal category that qualifies propositions in terms of the speaker's source of information (e.g., reported, inferential, hearsay). Compare epistemic modals, which mark the speaker's judgment of the factual status of the proposition, rather than the source of this knowledge. Evidentials are typically marked with verbal affixes, clitics, or particles. Languages that lack an evidential category generally mark this meaning by means of periphrasis (it is said...) or evidential adverbs (allegedly, reportedly, evidently) (Aikhenvald 2004, Cinque 1999). Lithuanian has two productive evidential constructions, one in which the verb bears non-agreeing passive participial morphology, as in (1), and a second in which the verb bears agreeing active participial morphology, as in (2), a modified perfect tense construction. In both cases an evidential reading arises in the absence of lexical or morphological marking.